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Snapshot Nov 9, 2026 · 00:17 UTC · version 4.0.0

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WHAT CHANGED

Instructions updated for verify-citations

Full description — Now says: a cited paper actually exists, is described correctly, and has not been retracted. Use when the user asks whether a specific paper is real, pastes one or two...

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Full description

Before

Sep 30, 2026 · 22:58 UTC

cited papers actually exist, are described correctly, and have not been retracted. Use when the user pastes a bibliography, reference list, or citations from a draft, asks whether a paper is real, or wants references from an AI-generated...

After

Nov 9, 2026 · 00:17 UTC

a cited paper actually exists, is described correctly, and has not been retracted. Use when the user asks whether a specific paper is real, pastes one or two references, or wants a citation from an AI-generated answer checked before rely...

Skill instructions

Before

Sep 30, 2026 · 22:58 UTC

cited papers actually exist, are described correctly, and have not been retracted. Use when the user pastes a bibliography, reference list, or citations from a draft, asks whether a paper is real, or wants references from an AI-generated...

After

Nov 9, 2026 · 00:17 UTC

a cited paper actually exists, is described correctly, and has not been retracted. Use when the user asks whether a specific paper is real, pastes one or two references, or wants a citation from an AI-generated answer checked before rely...

Supporting files

Before

Sep 30, 2026 · 22:58 UTC

[{"relative_path":"agents/openai.yaml","size_in_bytes":531},{"relative_path":"assets/pendar-logo.png","size_in_bytes":127623}]

After

Nov 9, 2026 · 00:17 UTC

[{"relative_path":"agents/openai.yaml","size_in_bytes":531},{"relative_path":"assets/pendar-logo.png","size_in_bytes":31724}]

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SKILL.md text changes

− removed · + added

--- before
+++ after
@@ -1,79 +1,100 @@
 ---
 name: verify-citations
-description: Check whether cited papers actually exist, are described correctly, and have not been retracted. Use when the user pastes a bibliography, reference list, or citations from a draft, asks whether a paper is real, or wants references from an AI-generated answer checked before relying on them.
+description: Check whether a cited paper actually exists, is described correctly, and has not been retracted. Use when the user asks whether a specific paper is real, pastes one or two references, or wants a citation from an AI-generated answer checked before relying on it. For a whole reference list, use audit-a-bibliography.
 metadata:
-  short-description: Confirm papers exist, match their citation, and are not retracted
+  short-description: Confirm a paper exists, matches its citation, and is not retracted
 ---
 
 # Verify citations
 
-Confirm each cited paper exists in the published record, that the citation
+Confirm a cited paper exists in the published record, that the citation
 describes it accurately, and that it has not been retracted.
 
 A citation that cannot be found is the finding. Report it as unverified and stop
-there — never substitute the closest real paper, and never fill in a missing
-DOI, year, or venue from memory. A confidently wrong reference is worse than an
-acknowledged gap, because the user will submit it.
+there — never substitute the closest real paper, and never supply a title, page,
+year, venue, or DOI from memory. A confidently wrong reference is worse than an
+acknowledged gap.
+
+Check the citation even when the paper is familiar. The user is asking what the
+record says, and a well-known paper can still be cited with the wrong year,
+venue, or authors, or have been retracted since.
 
 ## Quick start
 
-1. Split the input into individual citations. One `verify_paper` call per
-   citation, never several at once in one string.
-2. Pass whatever the user gave: a DOI, a bare title, or a full citation string
-   all work. A `paper_id` from an earlier Pendar result also resolves exactly.
-3. Classify each result — verified, ambiguous, retracted, or not found — using
-   the rules below.
-4. Report every citation in the order given, then a one-line tally.
+1. One `verify_paper` call per citation. For more than two or three, use
+   `audit_bibliography` instead (see `audit-a-bibliography`).
+2. Pass whatever the user gave, exactly as written: a DOI, an arXiv or PubMed ID,
+   a bare title, a full citation string in any common style, or a journal-style
+   abbreviated reference such as
+   `E. Brown and H. M. Jaeger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 086001 (2009).` Do not tidy
+   it up first; a `paper_id` from an earlier Pendar result also resolves exactly.
+3. Classify the result — verified, ambiguous, retracted, mismatch, or not found —
+   using the rules below.
+4. If the call returns an error saying the paper index did not respond, the
+   citation was **not checked**. Try once more; if it fails again, say it could
+   not be checked right now. Never report it as not found.
 
 ## Reading the result
 
-- `found: false` — the paper could not be resolved. Say so plainly and quote
-  `reason`. Do not offer a different paper as though it were the one cited. If
-  the user wants alternatives, offer to search the literature instead, as a
-  separate step they asked for.
-- `candidates` non-empty — the citation was too ambiguous to resolve. List the
-  candidates with year, venue, and author so the user can choose. Ask which one
-  they meant. Do not pick the top candidate silently.
-- `match_confidence` below about 0.8 — the match is uncertain even though a
-  paper came back. Show the resolved `title`, `year`, and `authors` next to what
-  the user wrote so they can judge it themselves.
+- `found: true` — verified, unless `metadata_mismatch` is also true (below).
+  `resolved_by` says how:
+  - `doi`, `paper_id` or `pmid` — exact identifier match. An arXiv ID resolves
+    as `doi`.
+  - `title_search` — the title matched; check `match_confidence`.
+  - `biblio` — an abbreviated reference with no title, matched on its journal
+    locator. `matched_on_fields` lists what agreed (year, volume, page, first
+    author or journal). This is a full verification. The canonical title is the
+    one in `paper.title`; quote that, not a title recalled from memory.
+- `found: true` with `metadata_mismatch: true` — the paper exists, but the cited
+  title differs from the record: found at the journal, volume and page given, by
+  the cited first author. `reason` quotes the record's title. Report it as a
+  citation to correct, with the published title.
+- `match_confidence` below about 0.8 — uncertain even though a paper came back.
+  Show the resolved `title`, `year`, and `authors` next to what the user wrote.
+- `candidates` non-empty — too ambiguous to resolve. List the candidates with
+  year, venue, and author, and ask which one was meant.
+- `found: false` — quote `reason`. Do not offer a different paper as though it
+  were the one cited, and do not fill in missing details yourself.
 - `retraction_warning` non-empty, or `paper.is_retracted: true` — lead with the
-  retraction. Say the paper is retracted before saying anything about its
-  findings, and advise against citing it as standing evidence.
-- `paper.work_type` of `preprint` — flag that it has not been peer reviewed. The
-  user may have cited it as a journal article.
-- Metadata that disagrees with the user's citation — a different year, venue, or
-  author list — report the discrepancy and give the canonical values from
-  `paper`. Do not quietly correct it; the user needs to know their source was
-  wrong.
+  retraction and advise against citing it as standing evidence.
+- `paper.work_type` of `preprint` — flag that it has not been peer reviewed.
+- `is_paratext: true` — the record is an erratum, correction notice, or similar,
+  not the research article itself. Say so.
+- `venue` — facts about the journal: whether it is open access, listed in the
+  open-access journal directory, and has an ISSN and a publisher. Report these as
+  facts. Do not call a journal predatory or low quality.
+- `paper.impact_percentile` — where the paper's citation count sits among papers
+  published the same year. Say "among papers from the same year".
+- Metadata that disagrees with the citation — a different year, venue, or author
+  list — report the discrepancy and give the canonical values from `paper`.
 
 ## Never
 
-- Invent or guess a DOI, a `paper_id`, or a URL. Use `paper.doi` and
-  `paper.landing_url` as returned, or say they are unavailable.
+- Invent or guess a DOI, a `paper_id`, a URL, a page number, or a title.
 - Claim a paper is retracted unless `is_retracted` is true.
-- Treat `found: false` as proof of fabrication. It means the paper is not in the
-  indexed record, which is strong evidence for a mainstream journal article and
-  weak evidence for a book chapter, thesis, technical report, or very recent
-  preprint. Say which case you think it is.
-- Report `citation_count` as a measure of quality. It measures attention, and a
-  recent paper has had less time to accumulate any.
+- Treat `found: false` as proof of fabrication. It is strong evidence for a
+  mainstream journal article and weak evidence for a book chapter, thesis,
+  technical report, conference abstract, or very recent preprint.
+- Report `citation_count` as a measure of quality.
 
 ## Reporting
 
-Give one line per citation, in the user's order, each with a clear verdict:
+One line per citation, in the user's order:
 
 - **Verified** — canonical title, authors, year, venue, DOI.
 - **Retracted** — the same, with the retraction stated first.
 - **Ambiguous** — the candidates, and the question of which was meant.
+- **Mismatch** — what the citation says against the canonical record.
 - **Not found** — what was searched for, and why it may be missing.
 
-Close with the tally: how many verified, how many retracted, how many
-unresolved. If anything was retracted or unresolved, say explicitly that the
-draft needs those references fixed before submission.
+If the user is checking their own draft, say that unresolved or retracted
+references need attention before submission. If the citations come from a
+published paper, an unresolved line means only that it could not be confirmed
+here — not that the published bibliography is wrong.
 
 ## Related workflows
 
+- To check a whole reference list in one call, use `audit-a-bibliography`.
 - To measure a paper's influence rather than its existence, use
   `trace-citation-impact`.
 - To find what else exists on the subject, use `survey-a-research-field`.
Full technical diff · 3 changed fields

changed /description

BEFORE
"Check whether cited papers actually exist, are described correctly, and have not been retracted. Use when the user pastes a bibliography, reference list, or citations from a draft, asks whether a paper is real, or wants references from an AI-generated answer checked before relying on them."
AFTER
"Check whether a cited paper actually exists, is described correctly, and has not been retracted. Use when the user asks whether a specific paper is real, pastes one or two references, or wants a citation from an AI-generated answer checked before relying on it. For a whole reference list, use audit-a-bibliography."

changed /included_files

BEFORE
[
  {
    "relative_path": "agents/openai.yaml",
    "size_in_bytes": 531
  },
  {
    "relative_path": "assets/pendar-logo.png",
    "size_in_bytes": 127623
  }
]
AFTER
[
  {
    "relative_path": "agents/openai.yaml",
    "size_in_bytes": 531
  },
  {
    "relative_path": "assets/pendar-logo.png",
    "size_in_bytes": 31724
  }
]

changed /skill_md_contents

BEFORE
"---\nname: verify-citations\ndescription: Check whether cited papers actually exist, are described correctly, and have not been retracted. Use when the user pastes a bibliography, reference list, or citations from a draft, asks whether a paper is real, or wants references from an AI-generated answer checked before relying on them.\nmetadata:\n  short-description: Confirm papers exist, match their citation, and are not retracted\n---\n\n# Verify citations\n\nConfirm each cited paper exists in the published record, that the citation\ndescribes it accurately, and that it has not been retracted.\n\nA citation that cannot be found is the finding. Report it as unverified and stop\nthere — never substitute the closest real paper, and never fill in a missing\nDOI, year, or venue from memory. A confidently wrong reference is worse than an\nacknowledged gap, because the user will submit it.\n\n## Quick start\n\n1. Split the input into individual citations. One `verify_paper` call per\n   citation, never several at once in one string.\n2. Pass whatever the user gave: a DOI, a bare title, or a full citation string\n   all work. A `paper_id` from an earlier Pendar result also resolves exactly.\n3. Classify each result — verified, ambiguous, retracted, or not found — using\n   the rules below.\n4. Report every citation in the order given, then a one-line tally.\n\n## Reading the result\n\n- `found: false` — the paper could not be resolved. Say so plainly and quote\n  `reason`. Do not offer a different paper as though it were the one cited. If\n  the user wants alternatives, offer to search the literature instead, as a\n  separate step they asked for.\n- `candidates` non-empty — the citation was too ambiguous to resolve. List the\n  candidates with year, venue, and author so the user can choose. Ask which one\n  they meant. Do not pick the top candidate silently.\n- `match_confidence` below about 0.8 — the match is uncertain even though a\n  paper came back. Show the resolved `title`, `year`, and `authors` next to what\n  the user wrote so they can judge it themselves.\n- `retraction_warning` non-empty, or `paper.is_retracted: true` — lead with the\n  retraction. Say the paper is retracted before saying anything about its\n  findings, and advise against citing it as standing evidence.\n- `paper.work_type` of `preprint` — flag that it has not been peer reviewed. The\n  user may have cited it as a journal article.\n- Metadata that disagrees with the user's citation — a different year, venue, or\n  author list — report the discrepancy and give the canonical values from\n  `paper`. Do not quietly correct it; the user needs to know their source was\n  wrong.\n\n## Never\n\n- Invent or guess a DOI, a `paper_id`, or a URL. Use `paper.doi` and\n  `paper.landing_url` as returned, or say they are unavailable.\n- Claim a paper is retracted unless `is_retracted` is true.\n- Treat `found: false` as proof of fabrication. It means the paper is not in the\n  indexed record, which is strong evidence for a mainstream journal article and\n  weak evidence for a book chapter, thesis, technical report, or very recent\n  preprint. Say which case you think it is.\n- Report `citation_count` as a measure of quality. It measures attention, and a\n  recent paper has had less time to accumulate any.\n\n## Reporting\n\nGive one line per citation, in the user's order, each with a clear verdict:\n\n- **Verified** — canonical title, authors, year, venue, DOI.\n- **Retracted** — the same, with the retraction stated first.\n- **Ambiguous** — the candidates, and the question of which was meant.\n- **Not found** — what was searched for, and why it may be missing.\n\nClose with the tally: how many verified, how many retracted, how many\nunresolved. If anything was retracted or unresolved, say explicitly that the\ndraft needs those references fixed before submission.\n\n## Related workflows\n\n- To measure a paper's influence rather than its existence, use\n  `trace-citation-impact`.\n- To find what else exists on the subject, use `survey-a-research-field`.\n"
AFTER
"---\nname: verify-citations\ndescription: Check whether a cited paper actually exists, is described correctly, and has not been retracted. Use when the user asks whether a specific paper is real, pastes one or two references, or wants a citation from an AI-generated answer checked before relying on it. For a whole reference list, use audit-a-bibliography.\nmetadata:\n  short-description: Confirm a paper exists, matches its citation, and is not retracted\n---\n\n# Verify citations\n\nConfirm a cited paper exists in the published record, that the citation\ndescribes it accurately, and that it has not been retracted.\n\nA citation that cannot be found is the finding. Report it as unverified and stop\nthere — never substitute the closest real paper, and never supply a title, page,\nyear, venue, or DOI from memory. A confidently wrong reference is worse than an\nacknowledged gap.\n\nCheck the citation even when the paper is familiar. The user is asking what the\nrecord says, and a well-known paper can still be cited with the wrong year,\nvenue, or authors, or have been retracted since.\n\n## Quick start\n\n1. One `verify_paper` call per citation. For more than two or three, use\n   `audit_bibliography` instead (see `audit-a-bibliography`).\n2. Pass whatever the user gave, exactly as written: a DOI, an arXiv or PubMed ID,\n   a bare title, a full citation string in any common style, or a journal-style\n   abbreviated reference such as\n   `E. Brown and H. M. Jaeger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 086001 (2009).` Do not tidy\n   it up first; a `paper_id` from an earlier Pendar result also resolves exactly.\n3. Classify the result — verified, ambiguous, retracted, mismatch, or not found —\n   using the rules below.\n4. If the call returns an error saying the paper index did not respond, the\n   citation was **not checked**. Try once more; if it fails again, say it could\n   not be checked right now. Never report it as not found.\n\n## Reading the result\n\n- `found: true` — verified, unless `metadata_mismatch` is also true (below).\n  `resolved_by` says how:\n  - `doi`, `paper_id` or `pmid` — exact identifier match. An arXiv ID resolves\n    as `doi`.\n  - `title_search` — the title matched; check `match_confidence`.\n  - `biblio` — an abbreviated reference with no title, matched on its journal\n    locator. `matched_on_fields` lists what agreed (year, volume, page, first\n    author or journal). This is a full verification. The canonical title is the\n    one in `paper.title`; quote that, not a title recalled from memory.\n- `found: true` with `metadata_mismatch: true` — the paper exists, but the cited\n  title differs from the record: found at the journal, volume and page given, by\n  the cited first author. `reason` quotes the record's title. Report it as a\n  citation to correct, with the published title.\n- `match_confidence` below about 0.8 — uncertain even though a paper came back.\n  Show the resolved `title`, `year`, and `authors` next to what the user wrote.\n- `candidates` non-empty — too ambiguous to resolve. List the candidates with\n  year, venue, and author, and ask which one was meant.\n- `found: false` — quote `reason`. Do not offer a different paper as though it\n  were the one cited, and do not fill in missing details yourself.\n- `retraction_warning` non-empty, or `paper.is_retracted: true` — lead with the\n  retraction and advise against citing it as standing evidence.\n- `paper.work_type` of `preprint` — flag that it has not been peer reviewed.\n- `is_paratext: true` — the record is an erratum, correction notice, or similar,\n  not the research article itself. Say so.\n- `venue` — facts about the journal: whether it is open access, listed in the\n  open-access journal directory, and has an ISSN and a publisher. Report these as\n  facts. Do not call a journal predatory or low quality.\n- `paper.impact_percentile` — where the paper's citation count sits among papers\n  published the same year. Say \"among papers from the same year\".\n- Metadata that disagrees with the citation — a different year, venue, or author\n  list — report the discrepancy and give the canonical values from `paper`.\n\n## Never\n\n- Invent or guess a DOI, a `paper_id`, a URL, a page number, or a title.\n- Claim a paper is retracted unless `is_retracted` is true.\n- Treat `found: false` as proof of fabrication. It is strong evidence for a\n  mainstream journal article and weak evidence for a book chapter, thesis,\n  technical report, conference abstract, or very recent preprint.\n- Report `citation_count` as a measure of quality.\n\n## Reporting\n\nOne line per citation, in the user's order:\n\n- **Verified** — canonical title, authors, year, venue, DOI.\n- **Retracted** — the same, with the retraction stated first.\n- **Ambiguous** — the candidates, and the question of which was meant.\n- **Mismatch** — what the citation says against the canonical record.\n- **Not found** — what was searched for, and why it may be missing.\n\nIf the user is checking their own draft, say that unresolved or retracted\nreferences need attention before submission. If the citations come from a\npublished paper, an unresolved line means only that it could not be confirmed\nhere — not that the published bibliography is wrong.\n\n## Related workflows\n\n- To check a whole reference list in one call, use `audit-a-bibliography`.\n- To measure a paper's influence rather than its existence, use\n  `trace-citation-impact`.\n- To find what else exists on the subject, use `survey-a-research-field`.\n"
Full snapshot data
{
  "description": "Check whether a cited paper actually exists, is described correctly, and has not been retracted. Use when the user asks whether a specific paper is real, pastes one or two references, or wants a citation from an AI-generated answer checked before relying on it. For a whole reference list, use audit-a-bibliography.",
  "included_files": [
    {
      "relative_path": "agents/openai.yaml",
      "size_in_bytes": 531
    },
    {
      "relative_path": "assets/pendar-logo.png",
      "size_in_bytes": 31724
    }
  ],
  "name": "verify-citations",
  "skill_md_contents": "---\nname: verify-citations\ndescription: Check whether a cited paper actually exists, is described correctly, and has not been retracted. Use when the user asks whether a specific paper is real, pastes one or two references, or wants a citation from an AI-generated answer checked before relying on it. For a whole reference list, use audit-a-bibliography.\nmetadata:\n  short-description: Confirm a paper exists, matches its citation, and is not retracted\n---\n\n# Verify citations\n\nConfirm a cited paper exists in the published record, that the citation\ndescribes it accurately, and that it has not been retracted.\n\nA citation that cannot be found is the finding. Report it as unverified and stop\nthere — never substitute the closest real paper, and never supply a title, page,\nyear, venue, or DOI from memory. A confidently wrong reference is worse than an\nacknowledged gap.\n\nCheck the citation even when the paper is familiar. The user is asking what the\nrecord says, and a well-known paper can still be cited with the wrong year,\nvenue, or authors, or have been retracted since.\n\n## Quick start\n\n1. One `verify_paper` call per citation. For more than two or three, use\n   `audit_bibliography` instead (see `audit-a-bibliography`).\n2. Pass whatever the user gave, exactly as written: a DOI, an arXiv or PubMed ID,\n   a bare title, a full citation string in any common style, or a journal-style\n   abbreviated reference such as\n   `E. Brown and H. M. Jaeger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 086001 (2009).` Do not tidy\n   it up first; a `paper_id` from an earlier Pendar result also resolves exactly.\n3. Classify the result — verified, ambiguous, retracted, mismatch, or not found —\n   using the rules below.\n4. If the call returns an error saying the paper index did not respond, the\n   citation was **not checked**. Try once more; if it fails again, say it could\n   not be checked right now. Never report it as not found.\n\n## Reading the result\n\n- `found: true` — verified, unless `metadata_mismatch` is also true (below).\n  `resolved_by` says how:\n  - `doi`, `paper_id` or `pmid` — exact identifier match. An arXiv ID resolves\n    as `doi`.\n  - `title_search` — the title matched; check `match_confidence`.\n  - `biblio` — an abbreviated reference with no title, matched on its journal\n    locator. `matched_on_fields` lists what agreed (year, volume, page, first\n    author or journal). This is a full verification. The canonical title is the\n    one in `paper.title`; quote that, not a title recalled from memory.\n- `found: true` with `metadata_mismatch: true` — the paper exists, but the cited\n  title differs from the record: found at the journal, volume and page given, by\n  the cited first author. `reason` quotes the record's title. Report it as a\n  citation to correct, with the published title.\n- `match_confidence` below about 0.8 — uncertain even though a paper came back.\n  Show the resolved `title`, `year`, and `authors` next to what the user wrote.\n- `candidates` non-empty — too ambiguous to resolve. List the candidates with\n  year, venue, and author, and ask which one was meant.\n- `found: false` — quote `reason`. Do not offer a different paper as though it\n  were the one cited, and do not fill in missing details yourself.\n- `retraction_warning` non-empty, or `paper.is_retracted: true` — lead with the\n  retraction and advise against citing it as standing evidence.\n- `paper.work_type` of `preprint` — flag that it has not been peer reviewed.\n- `is_paratext: true` — the record is an erratum, correction notice, or similar,\n  not the research article itself. Say so.\n- `venue` — facts about the journal: whether it is open access, listed in the\n  open-access journal directory, and has an ISSN and a publisher. Report these as\n  facts. Do not call a journal predatory or low quality.\n- `paper.impact_percentile` — where the paper's citation count sits among papers\n  published the same year. Say \"among papers from the same year\".\n- Metadata that disagrees with the citation — a different year, venue, or author\n  list — report the discrepancy and give the canonical values from `paper`.\n\n## Never\n\n- Invent or guess a DOI, a `paper_id`, a URL, a page number, or a title.\n- Claim a paper is retracted unless `is_retracted` is true.\n- Treat `found: false` as proof of fabrication. It is strong evidence for a\n  mainstream journal article and weak evidence for a book chapter, thesis,\n  technical report, conference abstract, or very recent preprint.\n- Report `citation_count` as a measure of quality.\n\n## Reporting\n\nOne line per citation, in the user's order:\n\n- **Verified** — canonical title, authors, year, venue, DOI.\n- **Retracted** — the same, with the retraction stated first.\n- **Ambiguous** — the candidates, and the question of which was meant.\n- **Mismatch** — what the citation says against the canonical record.\n- **Not found** — what was searched for, and why it may be missing.\n\nIf the user is checking their own draft, say that unresolved or retracted\nreferences need attention before submission. If the citations come from a\npublished paper, an unresolved line means only that it could not be confirmed\nhere — not that the published bibliography is wrong.\n\n## Related workflows\n\n- To check a whole reference list in one call, use `audit-a-bibliography`.\n- To measure a paper's influence rather than its existence, use\n  `trace-citation-impact`.\n- To find what else exists on the subject, use `survey-a-research-field`.\n"
}

SHA-256 of public snapshot: 4ff5bb2293e324e522b7ad3a8df46b3b085edfb1f5617f2ab044db724139c829