skills/sistani-guidance/references/books/hajj/pages-085-096.md

# Hajj Rituals

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Previous block: [pages 73 to 84](pages-073-084.md).

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## PDF PAGE 85

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unaware of the uncleanliness until after prayer.The
exception being, if he was in doubt about the najasah,
before the prayer,or made investigation and did not
become aware of it. However, the person who has a
doubt, but does not carry out an investigation, and
notices the uncleanliness after prayer, must repeat the
prayer, as a matter of obligatory precaution.
Rule 299: If a pilgrim forgets about the najasah on his
body or clothes and remembersafter completingtawaf, it is
apparent that the tawaf is valid, albeit, as a matter of
precaution, it is better to repeat it. However, if he
remembers after completing prayer,he must, as a matter
of precaution, repeat the prayer, should the oversight be
due to negligence; otherwise there is no need to repeat it.
Rule 300: If a pilgrim was unaware of the najasah on his
body or clothes, and became aware of it in the course
oftawaf, or his body or clothes became najis in the course
of tawaf, he should change into clean ones and
completetawaf, if tahir clothes were available. If not, and
it was known that the najasah occurred after completing
the fourth round of tawaf, he should abandon it, clean the
clothes or himself, and complete tawaf. If this occurs
before completing the fourth round, he should abandon
tawaf, clean the clothes or himself and, as a matter of
precaution, perform another complete tawaf, even
though it, apparently, is not obligatory to repeat tawaf.
Fourth: Circumcision for Males
Apparently, as a matter of precaution, if achild capable of
rational action (mumayyiz) wearsihram himself, he must
also be circumcised. If he is not, or his guardian helped
him wearihram, it is not clear that he is required to have
been circumcised for the purpose of tawaf, although, as a
matter of precaution, he should be.
Rule 301: If an uncircumcised pilgrim in ihram, be he
adultor discerning child, performs a tawaf, it is invalid.
Unless he repeats it, after being circumcised, he will, as a
matter of precaution, be regarded as a person who has
abandoned tawaf and treated in the light ofthe following
rules.
Rule 302: If a person has the means, and is able, to
```

## PDF PAGE 86

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perform obligatory pilgrimage, but is not circumcised, he
should be circumcised and can perform pilgrimage in the
same year.Otherwise, he must delay it till after
circumcision. If it is not possible for him to be circumcised
at all, whether because of some pressing matter or any
other reason, it is obligatory on him to performpilgrimage
but he should, as a matter of precaution, performtawaf
himself for both Umrah and Hajj, and also hire an agent to
performtawaf, say its prayeron his behalf.He should,
though, say prayer after the agent has said it.
Fifth: Covering the Private Parts
As a matter of precaution, it is necessary to cover one's
private parts during tawaf.The clothes, used for this
purpose, have to be lawfully acquired, i.e. not maghsoub.
As a matter of precaution, all the rules applicable to the
clothes worn during prayer must be observed during
tawaf as well.
```

## PDF PAGE 87

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Obligations of Tawaf
There are eight obligations to be fulfilled in tawaf :
It must be commenced at Hajar-ul-Aswad (The Black
Stone) and, as a matter of recommended precaution the
entire body of the pilgrim must pass in front of the entire
Stone. It is recommended to stop a little distance away
from the Stone, so that one is certain to be standing
opposite it; the extra distance should provide an
assurance for a proper start. Each round is completed at
the Hajar-ul-Aswad. In the last round, it is recommended
to proceed a little further from the Stone so that the extra
distance covered may provide assurance for its proper
completion. At all times, during the tawaf, the Holy Ka'ba
must be to the left of the pilgrim. If, in order to kiss a
corner of the Holy Ka'ba, one faces it, or because of rush
of pilgrims, one finds himself facing it, or giving it his back
or right sides, the distance covered in such a pose will not
count as part of tawaf.This rule is basic common sense as
is also evident from the tawaf of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.)
when he did so riding. So there is no need for special
effort to be made at the Hijr Ismail and at the corners. Hijr
Ismail must be included in tawaf; that is to say, a pilgrim
must turn around the Hijr without entering it or climbing
its wall. One must circumambulate keeping clear of the
Holy Ka'ba and its projection it known as Shadharwaan.
One must circumambulate seven times continuously. Less
than seven rounds will invalidate the tawaf; if more than
seven rounds are made deliberately, the tawaf will be
invalid too, as will be discussed below. The seven rounds
must follow each other without considerable interruption
between them. The tawaf must be performed by free
movement of the pilgrim. If he was made to move by
being pushed by the crowd tawaf will not be acceptable.
Rule 303: As is widely held, tawaf is performed between
the Holy Ka'ba and Maqame (the station) of Ibrahim (a.s.) -
a distance of twenty six and a half arm lengths (about 12
meters). As one has to go around the wall of Hijr Ismail,
the distance is reduced to six and a half arm lengths
```

## PDF PAGE 88

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(about 3 meters). However, if one moves outside this
ambit, it is acceptable, though makrouh, particularly if one
is unable to remain within the limits, or harm could befall
him, if he did so. Nevertheless, where possible, observing
ihtiyat is recommended.
```

## PDF PAGE 89

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Stepping out of the bounds of Tawaf
Rule 304: If a person departs from the limits of tawaf and
enters the Holy Ka'ba, the tawaf is invalidated and it must
be repeated. It is preferable (al awla) that tawaf be first
completed and then performed again, if the departure
took place after completing half of tawaf.
Rule 303: If a pilgrim departs from tawaf to the
`Shadharwaan', tawaf becomes invalid commensurate to
the extent of the departure. After making good the
distance, he should, as a matter of precaution, complete
the tawaf and then repeat it.In the course of tawaf, one
should, as a matter of precaution, not extend one's arm
towards the Shadharwaan or the wall of the Holy Ka'ba to
touch a corner or whatsoever.
Rule 306: If, in the course of tawaf, a pilgrim enters Hijr
Ismail, due to an oversight or out of ignorance, the round
in which this occurs is invalid; there is no option but to
repeat it, better though, after completing the entire
tawaf.The same rule applies, as a matter of precaution, to
walking on the wall of the Hijr. While sticking to the
course of tawaf, the pilgrim must not touch the wall of the
Hijr either.
```

## PDF PAGE 90

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Irregularities in Tawaf
Rule 307: It is permissible to deliberately cut short optional
tawaf. It is permissible too to interrupt obligatory tawaf
for a pressing need or for any reason for that matter.
Rule 308: If, without good reason, the pilgrim steps out of
the course of tawaf, completing the fourth round, the
tawaf is invalid and has to be repeated. If it was after the
fourth round, tawaf, as a matter of precaution, must be
completed and then repeated. However, if the tawaf was
optional, he may complete the remaining rounds,
provided that he does not break the sequence.
Rule 309: If menstruation of a lady commences in the
course of tawaf, it is obligatory on her to abandon it and
leave the Masjid-ul-Haraam immediately. The rule
governing such a case has already been discussed in the
preceding 'Conditions for Tawaf'.
Rule 310: A pilgrim, performing tawaf, may find it
necessary to interrupt it, due to sickness, carrying out an
errand for a fellow believer, or attending to his own
business.If tawaf was obligatory, and he had completed
the fourth round, his tawaf is valid. However, if he
abandons it before completing the fourth round, his tawaf
is invalidated. If tawaf was a recommended one, he can
continue from where he stopped, even though he had not
completed four rounds.
Rule 311: It is permissible to sit down to rest, in the course
of tawaf, but it must not be prolonged so much so that the
sequence, as is widely held, be broken; in that event, the
tawaf becomes invalid and has to be performed again.
Rule 312: If a pilgrim interrupts tawaf in order to obtain
the merit of praying at the earliest time, or join
congregational prayer, or perform a mustahab prayer, he
must complete the tawaf from where he interrupted it
after completing his prayer.He should, as a matter of
precaution, repeat tawaf after completing it, if the
interruption was in the course of an obligatory tawaf and
had occurred before completing the fourth round.
Rule 313: During tawaf, a pilgrim may inadvertently omit
```

## PDF PAGE 91

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parts thereof, yet becomes aware of the lapse before the
chain of continuity is broken. If this is the case, he must
complete his tawaf, which will then be deemed valid.He
may become aware of it after the sequence has been
interrupted. He may as well has forgotten to perform
either one, two or three rounds; thus, he should perform
same; the tawaf will then be considered valid. If he cannot
perform it personally, even though he may have
remembered after returning home, he may hire an agent
to perform it for him.If he has forgotten more than three
rounds, he should return and perform the missed ones. It
is better, though, that having done so, he should, as a
matter of precaution, perform another full tawaf,
```

## PDF PAGE 92

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Tawaf prayer
The third obligation in Umrat-ut-Tamatu' consists of two
raka'as to be said after tawaf . It is performed like Subh
prayer except that the worshipper has the option to say it
aloud or in a whispered way. It is obligatory to say it close
to Maqam Ibrahim (a.s.). Evidently, it must be said at its
rear. If it is not possible to do so, one may say it on any of
its both sides in addition to saying it far from the Maqam
but at its rear. If this is not possible, any of the two is
sufficient. However, if this is not possible, then one may,
as a matter of precaution, say it anywhere in the Mosque,
and as close to the Maqam as possible. This is so when the
tawaf is obligatory, but when it is optional, one may pray
anywhere in the Mosque.
Rule 327: If a person deliberately fails to say tawaf prayer,
his Hajj is invalid.
Rule 328: The prayer must be said immediately after
tawaf, that is to say, there must not, generally speaking,
be a gap between the tawaf and the prayer.
Rule 329: If a pilgrim forgets to say tawaf prayer, but
realizes the lapse after sa'y, he should say it immediately.
Accordingly, there shall be no need to repeat the sa'y,
although one may do so as a matter of precaution. If he
remembers it in the course of sa'y, he should interrupt it
and say the prayer at the Maqam and then return to
completing sa'y from where he had interrupted it. If he
remembers it after leaving Makkah, it is obligatory to
return and say it at the Maqam, should doing so will not
cause inconvenience. If it is not possible to return, he
should say it wherever he remembers it. Even if it is
possible to return to the boundary of the Haram, it is not
necessary to do so. If one fails to say the prayer out of
ignorance, the same rule applicable to the one who
forgets shall apply to him.
Rule 330: If a person dies, but has an obligation to say the
prayer, it is obligatory on his eldest son to have the prayer
said qadha, provided that the conditions concerning
Qadha are satisfied.
```

## PDF PAGE 93

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Rule 331: If a pilgrim's recitation of prayer is not perfect,
and he is unable to correct it, it is sufficient for him to
recite Suratul Fatiha. Otherwise, he should, as a matter of
precaution, add to it some Ayahs he is good at reciting
correctly; if not, tasbeeh. If all effort has been exhausted
to render the recitation correct, he should, as a matter of
precaution, say it as best he could, join congregational
prayer and hire an agent to say it on his behalf.
Rule 332: If a pilgrim is unaware that his recitation is not
sound, and his ignorance is excusable, his prayer is valid;
there shall be no need for him to say it again, even if he
comes to know of the lapse after the prayer.If his
ignorance was not excusable, he must, after correcting his
error, say the tawaf prayer again; the rules governing a
person who has forgotten to say the prayer shall apply to
him.
```

## PDF PAGE 94

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Obligations of Sa'y
This is the fourth obligation in Umrat-ut-Tamatu'. In sa'y
too, intention to seek nearness to Allah is obligatory but
there is no obligation to cover the private parts, [although
exposing one's genitals in a public place is not allowed], or
for taharah from urine or excrement, although it is
preferable (al awla) to be tahir during sa'y.
Rule 333: Sa'y is to be performed after tawaf and its
prayer. If it is performed before the tawaf or prayer, it is
obligatory to repeat it after performing both. As for the
one who forgets to perform tawaf, but recalls after
performing sa'y, the rule has already been set out.
Rule 334: Niyyah to attain closeness to Allah, is essential
in sa'y performed for Umrah or Hajj, whichever is
applicable.
Rule 335: Sa'y consists of seven laps. The first round starts
at Safa and ends at Marwah. The second round is a
reversal of the first, the third is like the first, and so on
until the seventh round ends at Marwah.One should cover
the whole distance between the two mounts in each
round; there is no need to climb any of them, even though
it is preferable and precautionary (awla and ahwat) to do
so. As a matter of precaution, it is obligatory for
performing sa'y to be continuous, i.e. there should not be
a break between the rounds.
Rule 336: If a person starts from Marwah, albeit due to an
oversight, sa'y will be deemed invalid and he must resume
from Safa.
Rule 337: In sa'y, it is better, though not necessary, that a
pilgrim walks; it is permissible to ride an animal or be
carried by another person or pushed on a wheelchair.
Rule 338: If his sa'y is to be considered in order, a pilgrim
must carry out brisk walking between Safa and Marwah.
This must also be carried out on the known track.It is not
permissible to do the rounds via the Mosque or along
another route. However, there is also no requirement that
one must walk in a straight line.
Rule 339: When walking towards Marwah, one must set
```

## PDF PAGE 95

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his face to it. The same procedure should apply to Safa. It
is not permissible to turn one's back to Marwah, when
proceeding to it, or turn one's back to Safa, when
returning from Marwah. However, there is no objection to
merely looking to the right, left or back in the course of
the walk.
Rule 340: A pilgrim must, as a matter of precaution,
observe the order of rounds in sa'y. However, in the
course of performing sa'y, it is permissible to sit at Safa,
Marwah, or between them for rest. Yet one must, as a
matter of precaution, avoid having a break in the process,
except for those who are tired, or need to interrupt sa'y to
catch up with prayer at the earliest time. In these cases,
one may complete the sa'y from where it had been
interrupted.It is also permissible to interrupt sa'y to attend
to a need, indeed at all times. Yet one should, as a matter
of precaution, complete it and then repeat it.
```

## PDF PAGE 96

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Rules of Sa'y
Sa'y is one of the fundamentals of Hajj. If one deliberately
fails to perform it - whether conversant with the rule or
not - to the extent that it becomes impossible to complete
Umrah rituals in time (i.e. before the zawaal of wuquf at
Arafat) the Hajj is invalidated.The rules applicable to such
a pilgrim are the same as those governing the one who
deliberately fails to perform tawaf. These have already
been discussed under Tawaf.
Rule 341: If a pilgrim forgets to perform sa'y, he must
perform it whenever he remembers. However, if one
remembers after completing the ceremonies of Hajj, and is
unable to perform sa'y personally, because of some
constraint or difficulty, he must resort to appointing an
agent. In both the cases, the pilgrimage will be valid.
Rule 342: If a pilgrim is unable to perform sa'y in time,
even with the another person's help, he must enlist the
service of another, who could carry him or push him in a
wheelchair.If help was not at hand, he may hire an agent
to perform sa'y on his behalf. Inability to use a proxy, due
to ill health, could be resolved by the pilgrim's next of kin,
or another person, carrying it out for him. Hajj, in both the
cases, will be valid.
Rule 343: A pilgrim must, as a matter of precaution, not
delay performing sa'y, after having completed tawaf and
its prayer. Evidently, though, it is permissible to delay it till
night time to overcome tiredness or avoid hot weather,
indeed at all circumstances - on the strength of the
evidence (alal aqwa). Nevertheless, it is not permissible to
delay it to the next day.
Rule 344: The rule, governing the doubt of doing extra
rounds in sa'y, is exactly the same as the that governing
tawaf. It invalidates the sa'y if, knowingly and deliberately,
additional rounds are made.However, if the lapse occurs
out of ignorance of the rule, sa'y will evidently not be
invalidated, albeit repetition is recommended, as a matter
of precaution.
Rule 345: If a pilgrim, performing sa'y, makes extra rounds
```