skills/sistani-guidance/references/books/women/pages-037-046.md

# Women's Religious Rules in Simple Language

PDF pages 37 to 46. Physical PDF numbering, not inferred printed labels.

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Previous block: [pages 25 to 36](pages-025-036.md).

## PDF PAGE 37

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37 | Women’s Religious Rules in Simple Language
Washing Inside the Ears and Nose
Faṭimah: Is it necessary to get water inside the ears and nose during
ghusl?
Mother: Washing the outer part of the ears and nose is sufficient, and
it is not necessary for water to enter them.
Drying the Body Before Ghusl
Faṭimah: Is it necessary to dry the body before performing ghusl?
Mother: No, ghusl is valid even if the body is wet.
Washing the Body from Top to Bottom
Faṭimah: Is it necessary to wash the head and neck or the rest of the
body from top to bottom, similar to wuḍū (ablution)?
Mother: No, washing in any manner is valid.
Water Flowing from the Head and Neck onto the Body
Faṭimah: If water runs down the body while washing the head and
neck or if water runs onto the head while washing the body, does this
invalidate the ghusl?
Mother: No, the ghusl is not invalidated.
Continuity in Ghusl
Faṭimah: What should be done if the water supply is interrupted during
ghusl?
```

## PDF PAGE 38

```text
Mother: Unlike wuḍū, it is not necessary for the washing of body parts
in ghusl to be continuous. Therefore, if the water supply is interrupted
during ghusl, you can temporarily stop, leave the bathroom, and resume
ghusl whenever the water is available again, even if there is a long gap.
Discovering an Obstruction on the Body After Ghusl
Faṭimah: What if a woman performs the obligatory ghusl and later
discovers that there was an obstruction like nail polish or a bandage on
her hand? What should she do in this case?
Mother: If she is certain that the obstruction was present during ghusl,
she should remove it and wash only that part with the intention of
completing the ghusl. She should also repeat the prayers she performed
during that time after doing wuḍū. However, if she is unsure whether
the obstruction was there before or after ghusl, then her ghusl is valid,
and there is no need to make up the prayers.
Ghusl Over a Tattoo
Faṭimah: Does having a tattoo on the face or body affect ghusl or
wuḍū?
Mother: Generally, a subdermal tattoo does not affect the validity of
wuḍū, ghusl, or tayammum, and prayers with it are valid.
Washing Long Hair
Faṭimah: Is it necessary to wash long hair during ghusl?
Mother: It is not necessary to wash long hair; what is necessary is that
water reaches the scalp.
Types of Obligatory Ghusl
Faṭimah: How many types of obligatory ghusl are there?
```

## PDF PAGE 39

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39 | Women’s Religious Rules in Simple Language
Mother: The obligatory ghusl includes ghusl for menstruation (Ḥayḍ),
ghusl for Istiḥāḍa (irregular non-menstrual bleeding), ghusl for Nifās
(postpartum bleeding), ghusl for janābah (major ritual impurity), and
ghusl for touching a dead body.
Ghusls That Have Been Proved to Be Recommended
Faṭimah: Do all obligatory and recommended (mustaḥab) ghusl
suffice for wuḍū?
Mother: All obligatory ghusls, except that which is performed for the
medium Istiḥāḍa, and all ghusls which have been proved to be
recommended, suffice for wuḍū.
Here are some of the confirmed recommended ghusls:
1. Friday Ghusl: This is one of the highly emphasized recommended
acts, and its time is from the Adhān for Fajr prayer until sunset on
Friday. If someone is unable to perform this ghusl by sunset on Friday,
they can perform it as a make-up (qaḍā) ghusl between sunset on Friday
and sunset on Saturday.1
2. Ghusl for Eid al-Fiṭr and Eid al-Aḍhā: Its time is from dawn until
sunset.
3. Ghusl on the 8th and 9th days of Dhū al-Ḥijjah.
4. Ghusl on the first, 17th, 19th, 21st, 23rd, and 24th nights of
Ramaḍān.
5. Ghusl before entering the city of Mecca, entering the Kaʿba, visiting
the Kaʿba, entering the city of Medina, entering the mosque of the
Prophet (peace be upon him and his family), and for bidding farewell
to the Prophet’s grave. Also, ghusl for iḥrām (a state of consecration),
shaving the head, and slaughtering an animal.
6. Ghusl before seeking divine guidance (istikhāra).
1 Ghusl performed as qaḍā also suffices for wuḍū.
```

## PDF PAGE 40

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7. Ghusl for requesting rain (istisqāʾ)1.
Other Recommended Ghusls
Faṭimah: What about ghusls which are not proved to be
recommended?
Mother: These ghusls can be performed in the “hope that they are
desirable” but they do not suffice for wuḍū.
Combining Two Obligatory Ghusls
Faṭimah: If we are obligated to perform two ghusls, such as ghusl for
menstruation and ghusl for janābah, can we perform just one ghusl?
Mother: Yes, it is sufficient to perform one ghusl with the intention of
either menstruation or janābah, and that ghusl will cover both
obligations.
Sufficiency of a Recommended Ghusl for an Obligatory
Ghusl
Faṭimah: Does a recommended ghusl suffice for an obligatory ghusl?
Mother: Yes, for example, if a woman has several obligatory ghusls to
perform, such as ghusl for janābah, menstruation, and Istiḥāḍa, and she
performs only the Friday ghusl, she will receive the reward of the
Friday ghusl, and all her obligatory ghusls will be fulfilled, even if she
did not specifically intend them. Therefore, it is good to perform the
Friday ghusl every week.
1 Istisqāʾ (request for rain) is a religious tradition of asking God for rain in
certain manners.
```

## PDF PAGE 41

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41 | Women’s Religious Rules in Simple Language
Not Doing Ghusl on Purpose or Out of Embarrassment
Faṭimah: If someone is obligated to perform ghusl but deliberately or
out of embarrassment fails to do so, is this a sin?
Mother: Being embarrassed is not a valid excuse to skip an obligatory
ghusl unless it entails unbearable difficulty. If someone delays ghusl
without a valid reason until the time for prayer (including ghusl)
becomes short, he has sinned. However, if the time is very short, the
obligation shifts from ghusl to tayammum (dry ablution), meaning he
must pray with tayammum and then perform ghusl for future prayers.
Faṭimah: Is this same ruling applicable to fasting in Ramaḍān?
Mother: Yes, if a woman becomes pure during the night, she must
perform ghusl before the call to Dawn prayer (Fajr) and fast. If she
deliberately does not perform ghusl and the time becomes tight, she has
sinned and must perform tayammum before dawn, and her fast will be
valid. However, she must perform ghusl to perform the Dawn prayer.
```

## PDF PAGE 42

```text
Rules of Tayammum
```

## PDF PAGE 43

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43 | Women’s Religious Rules in Simple Language
A Conversation About the Rules of Tayammum
Mother: Today, I want to talk about "Tayammum." Tayammum
becomes obligatory when we are unable to perform wuḍū or ghusl.
Therefore, tayammum can sometimes be a substitute for ghusl and
sometimes a substitute for wuḍū.
Situations Requiring Tayammum
Faṭimah: In what situations does our obligation shift from wuḍū or
ghusl to tayammum?
Mother: There are many situations, but the most important ones are:
1. If there is not enough water to perform wuḍū or ghusl, and we are
unable to obtain more.
2. If the time for prayer is so short that we cannot complete the prayer
within its prescribed time after performing wuḍū or ghusl.
3. If there is a fear that using water for wuḍū or ghusl would cause
harm, such as making us ill, prolonging an illness, or making it harder
to recover.
How to Perform Tayammum
Faṭimah: How do we perform Tayammum?
Mother: Whether Tayammum is a substitute for wuḍū or ghusl, it
involves four steps:
1. First, strike both palms of your hands on the ground or on something
upon which tayammum is permissible.
2. Then, wipe your entire forehead with both palms, starting from the
hairline down to the eyebrows and the upper part of the nose.
```

## PDF PAGE 44

```text
3. Next, use the left palm to wipe the back of the right hand from the
wrist to the fingertips.
4. Finally, use the right palm to wipe the back of the left hand from the
wrist to the fingertips.
Intention in Tayammum
Faṭimah: How should we make the intention for tayammum?
Mother: It is sufficient to perform the actions of tayammum with the
intention of doing them for the sake of Allah. It is not obligatory to say
any specific words during tayammum, and it is also not necessary to
specify whether the tayammum is a substitute for ghusl or wuḍū.
Materials Suitable for Tayammum
Faṭimah: On what materials is tayammum valid?
Mother: Tayammum should be performed on earth, clods of soil,
stones, or anything similar that is considered part of the ground.
However, if there is a thick layer of dust on a carpet or something
similar, making it akin to soft soil, tayammum on it is also valid.1
Tayammum with Artificial Nails and Nail Polish
Faṭimah: Do artificial nails and nail polish prevent Tayammum?
Mother: Yes, they must be removed from the nails before performing
Tayammum.
1 As an obligatory precaution, the surface used for tayammum should have
some dust that sticks to the hand.
```

## PDF PAGE 45

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45 | Women’s Religious Rules in Simple Language
Tayammum with a Ring
Faṭimah: If there is a ring on the finger of the hand we want to wipe,
is it necessary to remove it?
Mother: Yes, the ring must be removed.
Removal of the Excuse During Prayer Time
Faṭimah: If a woman cannot perform ghusl at the beginning of the
prayer time due to harm and prays with tayammum, but later her excuse
is removed, does she need to repeat the prayer?
Mother: If she was certain at the beginning of the prayer time that her
excuse would last until the end of the time, her prayer is valid, and she
does not need to repeat it, even if her excuse is removed before the end
of the prayer time. However, she must perform ghusl for the next
prayer.
Tayammum as a Substitute for Ghusl
Faṭimah: If a woman performs tayammum as a substitute for an
obligatory ghusl, does she also need to perform wuḍū for prayer?
Mother: It is not necessary to perform wuḍū for prayer, except in the
case of the medium form of Istiḥāḍa (non-menstrual bleeding), where
she must perform wuḍū after tayammum.
Tayammum Due to Limited Time
Faṭimah: If a person cannot perform an obligatory ghusl due to limited
time and prays the morning prayer with tayammum, can he pray the
noon prayer with the same tayammum?
Mother: No, he must perform ghusl for the noon prayer.
```

## PDF PAGE 46

```text
Delaying Prayer
Faṭimah: What is the ruling if someone deliberately delays the prayer
so much that there is no time left for wuḍū or ghusl?
Mother: He has committed a sin, but his prayer with tayammum is
valid, and he does not need to make it up.
```