skills/sistani-guidance/references/books/hajj/pages-061-072.md

# Hajj Rituals

PDF pages 61 to 72. Physical PDF numbering, not inferred printed labels.

Mechanical text extraction, not a verified transcription. Read the full rule or dialogue across page boundaries and retain its footnotes.

Source characters are preserved except corrupt control glyphs, which are marked. Blank layout lines are removed. Do not silently repair other wording.

Previous block: [pages 49 to 60](pages-049-060.md).

Next block: [pages 73 to 84](pages-073-084.md).

## PDF PAGE 61

```text
61
Prohibitions during Ihram
As has already been discussed, ihram is established by
talbiyah or what is considered of its kind, [see Rule 182]
despite the niyyah to wear ihram. Once ihram is worn
twenty five things become forbidden:
Hunting. Sexual union. Kissing a woman. Touching a
woman. Looking at a woman and flirting with
her.Masturbating. Reciting nikah. Wearing perfume.
Wearing sewn clothes by men. Wearing antimony
(surma). Looking in the mirror. Wearing shoes, slippers or
socks. Outrage (Fusouq). Quarrelling. Killing insects found
on humans, [such as lice]. Beautifying oneself. Applying
oil. Removing hair from the body. Covering the head, for
males, or dipping one's body in water, even for females.
Covering of the face by females. Sheltering in the shaded
placef or males. Bleeding one's body. Cutting nails.
Extracting tooth, according to some scholars. Carrying
arms.
1. Hunting:
Rule 199: While in the state of ihram it is forbidden to
hunt, hurt, injure or kill a wild animal, whether it is in the
Haram or outside it and, evidently, whether it is halal to
eat or not. It is absolutely forbidden to hunt in the Haram,
even if the hunter is not in a state of ihram.
Rule 200: Just as it is forbidden for a pilgrim to hunt while
in the state of ihram, so is it forbidden to aid a hunter,
even by pointing at the animal. In this regard. there is no
difference whether the hunter is a pilgrim in ihram or not.
Rule 201: It is not permissible for a pilgrim in a state of
ihram to hold a prey and keep it under control, even if he
had hunted it before wearing ihram, or it was hunted by
someone else, whether inside or outside the Haram.
Rule 202: It is not permissible for a pilgrim in a state of
ihram to eat the meat of a prey, even if the hunter has
captured it while still not in a state of ihrahm. It is
forbidden for a person who is not in a state of ihram to eat
the meat of a prey of a pilgrim, in the state of ihram, who
```

## PDF PAGE 62

```text
62
killed it by hunting or slaughtered it after hunting. It is
forbidden for a person, who is not in a state of ihram, to
eat the prey of a pilgrim, whether in a state of ihram or
not, who hunted it inside the Haram.
Rule 203: The rules regarding free animals apply also to
their young ones. As a matter of precaution, it is forbidden
for pilgrims, in a state of ihram, to take, break or eat their
eggs. And as a matter of precaution too, one should not
help others to do so.
Rule 204: The rules stated above are for wild creatures,
including locust. As for marine creatures, there is no
objection to catching fish, for example. Amphibians are
regarded as wild animals. Evidently, there is no objection
to catching those animals, whose identity, as being wild or
not, is doubtful .
Rule 205: Just as it is unlawful for a person in a state of
ihram to hunt wild animals, so is it forbidden to kill any of
the reptiles, even though it is not considered hunting.
There are some exceptions:
Domestic animals, like sheep, cow, camels and poultry,
including turkey. It is permissible to kill these. The same
rule applies when there is doubt as to whether or not an
animal is a domestic one. When a person, in the state of
ihram, fears for his safety, for example, from wild animals,
or snakes, it is permissible to kill them. It is permissible to
kill vultures, if they are hunting the pigeons in the Haram.
It is permissible to kill vipers, other dangerous snakes,
scorpions and mice. There is no kaffarah for killing them.
Rule 206: There is no objection to a pilgrim, in ihram,
throwing an arrow at a crow or kite. There is no penalty
(kaffarah) should any of them be killed by the arrow.
Kaffarah (penalty) for hunting
Rule 207: For killing grazing livestock, the penalty is a
camel; for killing a wild cow it is a cow; for killing a wild
donkey it is a cow, as a matter of precaution; for killing a
gazelle or a hare it is a sheep. The same, as a matter of
precaution, is the penalty for killing a fox.
Rule 208: If the penalty for the animal killed is a camel and
it is not available, the obligation is to feed sixty poor
people each of whom should be given a mudd (75O
```

## PDF PAGE 63

```text
63
grams) of food; if it is not possible to do so, one has to fast
for eighteen days. If the penalty is a cow, and it is not
available, thirty poor people must be fed; if this is not
within one's means, the penalty is fasting for nine days. If
the penalty payable is a sheep, and it is not available, ten
poor people must be fed; if one cannot afford it, three
days fasts should be observed.
Rule 209: For killing a sand grouse, partridge or francolin
and their likes, the penalty is a lamb which has been
weaned and feeds on grass. For killing a sparrow, a lark
and the like, evidently, the penalty is one mud of food. For
killing other birds, such as pigeons, the penalty is a
sheep.The penalty for killing their young ones, is a lamb or
the young of a goat. If their eggs were broken, the penalty
is a dirham (3.456 gms. of silver), if there is no foetus; if
otherwise, the ruling is the same as that for the young
ones of a bird and out of caution the young lamb feeding
on its own.For killing a locust, the penalty will be a date; if
more than one was killed, the penalty will be a handful of
food, which is preferable; If the killings are repeated, the
kaffarah should be repeated too; if the killing was
abundant, it will be a sheep.
Rule 210: For killing a mouse, hedgehog or lizard, and the
likes, the penalty is a young goat and for a locust, the
penalty will be a handful of food.
Rule 211: For a deliberate killing of a wasp, the penalty is
giving away, in charity, some food. If done in defending
oneself, there is no penalty.
Rule 212: If a person, in a state of ihram, hunts an animal
outside the boundaries of Haram, he must pay a penalty
or the price of the animal, where there is no fixed penalty.
However, if a person, not in a state of ihram, hunts an
animal inside the boundaries of the Haram, he must pay
the price of the animal, except for hunting a lion, for
which the penalty is a ram. If a person, in ihram, hunts
inside the boundaries of Haram, he must pay both the
penalty and the price.
Rule 213: It is obligatory on a pilgrim, in of ihram, to avoid
the path on which there are locusts, but if that is not
possible, there is no objection, if they get killed.
```

## PDF PAGE 64

```text
64
Rule 214: If a group of pilgrims, in ihram, jointly kill an
animal, each of them will be liable to the penalty.
Rule 215: The penalty for eating the hunted animal is the
same as for killing it. Thus, if the pilgrim in ihram hunts the
animal, then eats it, he will be liable to double the rate of
the penalty.
Rule 216: If a person, not in ihram, has with him the
hunted animal and enters the Haram in his possession, he
must immediately release it; if he does not do so and the
animal dies, he becomes liable to pay the penalty. The
same is the rule, if the hunting took place before ihram,
but the animal died after ihram, i.e. the penalty must be
paid, even if he did not enter the Haram, as a matter of
precaution,
Rule 217: The penalty for hunting an animal and eating its
meat applies whether the act was done deliberately, in
error, or out of ignorance.
Rule 218: If the hunting is repeated, so is the penalty,
whether the hunting was out of ignorance, due to an
oversight, or deliberate - by a person, not in ihram, inside
the Haram. The same rule applies to the hunting in the
Haram by pilgrim, in the state of ihram - in each and every
ihram. However, if a pilgrim, in ihram, hunts repeatedly
during the same state of ihram, he will pay the penalty
once.
2. Sexual Activity
Rule 219: Sexual union is forbidden for a pilgrim, in ihram
for an Umrat-ut-Tamatu' or Umrat-ul- Mufradah or during
Hajj; this is the case even after performing them, but
before saying the prayers for Tawaf-un-Nisa.
Rule 220: If during an Umrat-ut-Tamatu' a pilgrim
intentionally has sexual intercourse with his wife, and if
he does so after performing sa'y, the Umrah is not
invalidated. However, there is an obligatory penalty upon
him which should, as a matter of precaution, be camel or a
cow.If the intercourse takes place before sa'y is completed,
the penalty will be as stated above. As a matter of
precaution, he must finish his Umrah, the pilgrimage that
follows it, and repeat both of them in the ensuing year.
```

## PDF PAGE 65

```text
65
Rule 221: If a pilgrim, in ihram for Hajj deliberately has
sexual intercourse with his partner, before wuquf at
Muzdalifah, his Hajj is invalidated; if the lady is also in
ihram and she knowingly and voluntarily condoned the
act, her Hajj is also invalidated. There is a penalty on each
of them; they also have to complete the remaining
ceremonies and repeat the Hajj in the following year,
whether the pilgrimage was obligatory or optional.
However, if the woman was compelled into the act, her
Hajj is not invalidated, and there will be no penalty on her.
Her husband, who coerced her into it, should pay double
the penalty.The penalty for the intercourse is a camel, but
if one cannot afford it, it is a sheep. It is mandatory that
husband and wife live separately during the remainder of
the pilgrimage - except in the presence of a third person -
until they complete all the pilgrimage rituals, including
those at Mina. They should return to the point where the
intercourse took place. Should they choose to use a
different route, they are free to meet, only when they
have finished all the required acts of worship.They should
also be separated, during the repeat Hajj in the following
year on arrival, until they reach the place where the
intercourse took place in the preceding year. Indeed, as a
matter of precaution, the separation should be maintained
until the completion of all the pilgrimage devotions and
the return to the place where the act took place.
Rule 222: If a person, in ihram, had intentionally had a
sexual intercourse after wuquf at Muzdalifah, but before
completing the fourth round of Tawaf-un-Nisa, the above-
quoted penalty is obligatory on him; however, his
pilgrimage stands.
Rule 223: If a person knowingly has a sexual intercourse
during Umrat-ul-Mufradah, he is liable to the penalty,
previously discussed. His Umrah, though, is valid, if the
sexual act took place after sa'y; otherwise the it is
invalidated as well. It is then mandatory on him to remain
in Makkah for another month, and proceed to one of the
Meqats to wear ihram again to repeat Umrah. It is not
sufficient to wear ihram from Adnal hil. As a matter of
precaution, he must also complete the Umrah that was
```

## PDF PAGE 66

```text
66
rendered invalid.
Rule 224: If a pilgrim, relieved from his ihram, had a sexual
intercourse with his wife, who is still in ihram, she
becomes liable to a kaffarah of a camel, which must be
borne by the husband.
Rule 225: If a pilgrim, in a state of ihram , has a sexual
intercourse with his wife out of ignorance or due to an
oversight, his Umrah and Hajj are valid; there shall be no
penalty on him. This rule also applies to all the other
prohibitions which attract penalties. That is to say that an
act of a pilgrim, in ihram, will not attract a penalty, if it was
performed out of ignorance or due to an oversight, except
in the following cases:
if he forgets a tawaf in Hajj or Umrah till he returns to his
country, and has intercourse with his wife; if he forgets
some parts of the sa'y in Umrat-ut-Tamatu' and has
intercourse with his wife considering himself relieved of
ihram; if he needlessly keeps stroking his head or beard,
and a hair or two drop off; if out of ignorance, he applies
oil to his body.
The rules relating to these aspects will be discussed at
their appropriate places.
3. Kissing a Woman
Rule 226: It is not permissible for a pilgrim, in a state of
ihram , to kiss his wife with passion. If he does so and as a
result ejaculates, he is liable to a penalty of a camel. If he
did not ejaculate, a penalty of a sheep will do. If the
kissing was without passion, the same kaffarah (penalty)
shall be due, as a matter of precaution.
Rule 227: If a person, who is not in a state of ihram, kisses
his wife, who is in state of ihram, he must, as a matter of
precaution, pay a penalty of a sheep.
4. Touching a Woman
Rule 228: It is not permissible for a pilgrim, in ihram, to
touch, carry, or cuddle his wife with passion. If he does so,
whether he ejaculates or not, he becomes liable to a
penalty of a sheep. However, if he touches, carries or
cuddles her without passion, no penalty is incurred.
```

## PDF PAGE 67

```text
67
5. Looking at and Playing with a Woman
Rule 229: It is not permissible for a person, in the state of
ihram to embark on foreplay with his wife. If he does so
and ejaculates, he is liable to a penalty of a camel.
However if he is unable to pay this penalty, he is liable for
a sheep. He should avoid looking at her with desire, if this
eventually leads to ejaculation. That said, it is advisable
not to embark on this road whether or not looking at her
resulted in ejaculation, as a matter of ihtiyat. If he looks at
her with passion and ejaculates, he is liable to a penalty of
a camel, as a matter of precaution. If he looks at her with
passion but does not ejaculate, or the looking is without
desire, yet it is followed by ejaculation, no penalty shall be
incurred.
Rule 230: If a pilgrim, in ihram, unlawfully looks at a lady
who is a stranger to him and ejaculates, he is liable to a
penalty of a camel, if he is well off. If he is of an average
means, a cow. If he is poor, the penalty is, evidently, a
sheep. If there is no ejaculation, no penalty is incurred.
Rule 231: It is permissible for a pilgrim, in ihram, to enjoy
the company of his wife, such as talking to her. However,
categorically abandoning such a thing is recommended,
as a matter of precaution.
6. Masturbation
Rule 232: If a pilgrim in a state of ihram masturbates, the
rule of sexual intercourse applies to him. If this happens
before the stay at Muzdalifah, his Hajj is invalidated; it is
obligatory on him to complete the ceremonies and repeat
the pilgrimage in the following year. If this act occurs in
Umrat-ul-Mufradah before completing sa'y, his Umrah is
invalidated and he is obliged to complete and repeat it as
stated above. The penalty for it is the same as that for
sexual intercourse. If, however, there is ejaculation
without masturbation, by, for example, looking only or
imagining, the penalty is still operative but Hajj or Umrah
is not invalidated. Yet, as a matter of caution, it must be
repeated.
```

## PDF PAGE 68

```text
68
7. Marriage Contract
Rule 233: It is forbidden for a pilgrim, in a state of ihram ,
to officiate the marriage contract himself or another
person, irrespective of whether or not the other person is
also in a state of ihram , and whether the intended
marriage is permanent or temporary. In all these cases, the
marriage is invalid.
Rule 234: If a pilgrim, in the state of ihram, gets married,
and the marriage is consummated, the person who
conducted the ceremony, husband, and wife should each
pay a penalty, which is a camel. That is, if they were aware
of the situation and the rules. If some were aware and
others not, the ignorant party shall not incur the penalty.
There is no difference as to the extent of the penalty
whether the person, who conducted the marriage
ceremony, and the woman, were in a state of ihram or
not.
Rule 235: It is not permissible for a pilgrim, in a state of
ihrahm, to witness a marriage ceremony, or be present
there, as is widely believed (ala mashhoor). However, as a
matter of optional precaution (al ahwatil awla), he must
decline bearing witness to it, albeit he would practically
have, be virtue of being there, assumed a responsibility.
Rule 236: As a matter of optional precaution, a person in a
state of ihram should not propose to a lady. However,
there is no objection to reverting to a lady who had been
divorced by way of a revocable divorce, just as it is
permissible to divorce one's wife.
8. Use of Perfume
Rule 237: It is forbidden for a person, in ihram, to use
perfume, be it by way of wearing, smelling, applying, or
eating it. Not permissible, too, is wearing any garment
that had come into contact with it. By perfume we mean
every substance intended for one's body, clothes, and
food, such as musk, oud, waras, amber, saffron and the
like. However, it is evident that, one must also refrain from
all kinds of scent and perfume, like rose and jasmine.
There is one exception, though, which is ‘Khalooq-ul-
Ka'ba’, which is extracted from saffron and other
```

## PDF PAGE 69

```text
69
materials, and is applied on the Holy Ka'ba.
Rule 238: It is not forbidden for a pilgrim in a state of
ihram to smell sweet plants, be they used for perfumes,
such as jasmine, or others. fragrant wild flowers, such as
wormwood, are apparently exempt.Fruits which have a
scent in them, like apples and quinces, one must refrain
from smelling them while eating them, as a matter of
precaution. The same applies to aromatic oils; it is
permissible to use for food the edible ones among them,
yet it is advisable not to smell the aroma while eating
them, as a matter of ihtiyat.
Rule 239: A pilgrim in a state of ihram, performing sa'y
does not have to hold his nose in a bid to avoid smelling
the aroma which may exude from a vendor of perfumery.
However, he must do so in situations other than this.
Khalooq-ul-Ka'ba is exempt.
Rule 240: If a person, in ihram, deliberately consumes an
item of perfumery, or wears clothes that have traces of
scent on them, he should, as a matter of obligatory
precaution (al ahwat luzuman [wujuban]), bear a kaffarah
of a sheep. There is no kaffarah for using perfume in
situations other than those discussed, although, as a
matter of precaution, one must pay the penalty.
Rule 241: It is forbidden for a pilgrim, in the state of ihram,
to close his nose to bad smell, although there is no
objection to moving away quickly from the smell.
9. Wearing Sewn Clothes by Men
Rule 242: It is forbidden for a male pilgrim, in ihram, to
wear any garment with buttons, or that used as pullover,
such as cloak. It is also forbidden to wear trousers, and the
like to cover one's private parts, unless they do not have
buttons. However, as a matter of obligatory precaution,
he must completely refrain from wearing traditional
clothes, such as shirt, cloak, jacket, Arabian thawb or
dishdasha (gown), albeit not buttoned up. However, there
is no objection to tying a sewn purse/wallet worn around
the waist or over the shoulder. Likewise, it is permissible to
use a sewn belt to support a rupture, or hernia, for
example. He can also use a sewn kilt or covering, but he
```

## PDF PAGE 70

```text
71
must not let it cover his head.
Rule 243: As a matter of precaution (al ahwat), one must
not tie the lose ends of the loin cloth round one's neck ;
indeed one must not tie a knot in the loin cloth at all, i.e.
one must not connect the two ends of the loin cloth,
either by a knot or by a pin or needle. As a matter of
precaution, one must not tie a knot in the cloth round the
shoulders either; however, one can connect its loose ends
with a pin or a needle.
Rule 244: Ladies can wear sewn dresses, but not gloves.
Rule 245: If a pilgrim, in ihram, deliberately wears
anything forbidden, the penalty is a sheep. As a matter of
precaution, the penalty must be paid even if the
infringement was involuntary.If it is repeated, there is a
penalty incurred for each and every infringement, even if
it involves simply the deliberate change of clothes, be they
of different kinds or of the same kind, as a matter of
precaution.
10. Applying Antimony (Surma)
Rule 246: Applying antimony in two situations need
consideration:
Application of black collyrium for beautification is totally
forbidden, except if used for treatment. Application for
beautification of collyrium which is not black, and its
equivalent, without intention of beautification is not
objectionable and carries no penalty. However, it is
preferable to sacrifice a sheep, if the antimony was mixed
with an unlawful substance.
11. Looking in the Mirror
Rule 247: It is forbidden for a pilgrim, in a state of ihram,
to look in a mirror for the purpose of beautification.
However, there is no objection to looking in a mirror for
any other reason. For example, a driver looking in the
mirror to check the rear view; a pilgrim may need to look
into a mirror to tend an injury in his face, or to ensure that
there is nothing on the face to obstruct wudhu water
reaching the skin. All other reflective surfaces are treated
in the same way as a mirror. If one has looked into the
```

## PDF PAGE 71

```text
71
mirror for beautification, it is recommended to renew the
talbiyah. There is no objection to wearing medical
spectacles. However, as a matter of precaution, one
should refrain from wearing them, if it is widely the view
that they may be considered among beautification
objects.
12. Wearing Shoes, Socks or Stockings
Rule 248: It is forbidden for a male pilgrim, in ihram, to
wear shoes, socks or stockings, if they cover the foot.
However, if the pilgrim is unable to obtain slippers, and it
becomes necessary for him to wear shoes, he should, as a
matter of precaution, tear off the front part.He is,
however, permitted to wear what covers only part of the
foot, or the whole foot, without wearing anything; for
example, by letting the cloth of the ihram, worn around
the waist, to cover the foot while sitting. The kaffarah for
wearing shoes, socks or stockings is a sheep, as a matter of
ihtiyat. There is no objection to women wearing them.
13. Outrage (Fusouq)
Rule 249: Fusouq covers lying, swearing, and unlawful
boasting. Although, it is forbidden at all times, yet more
seriously so when one is in a state of ihram. However, by
boasting, we mean one showing off one's social standing,
and the like; it is forbidden, if it entails denigrating a
fellow believer. Otherwise, there is no objection to such
conduct, whether in a state of ihram or not. There is no
kaffarah for such behaviour, except that the pilgrim must
seek Allah's forgiveness. However, as a matter of
precaution, he should sacrifice a cow.
14. Quarrelling
Rule 250: It is forbidden for a pilgrim in a state of ihram to
quarrel with others, particularly to swear by Allah in order
to prove something. Apparently, the prohibition is not
exclusive to "La Wallah" (No, by Allah) or "Bala Wallah"
(Yes, by Allah), but includes all types of swearing in the
name of Allah in any language, even though it does not
include la or bala. However, swearing by other than Allah
```

## PDF PAGE 72

```text
72
is not taken into account.
Rule 251: There are two exceptions to the preceding:
it is permissible to swear, if it is necessary to do so to
establish a right or disprove a false claim; if it is not
intended to take an oath or swear but for another
purpose altogether, like showing respect or affection and
saying," La Wallah (No by Allah) do not do so".
Rule 252: There is no penalty for taking an oath, if it is
true. However, the pilgrim should seek Allah's forgiveness,
if he has done so only twice; otherwise there is a penalty
of a sheep. If the oath is untrue, the penalty is a sheep for
the first time, two sheep for the second and a cow for the
third time. That is the maximum penalty. However, if he
had paid the penalty and took yet another false oath, the
penalty is incurred in the same order.
15. Killing of Insects Found on the Body
Rule 253: It is forbidden for a pilgrim, in a state of ihram,
to kill lice on one's body or throw them from one's body or
clothes, as a matter of precaution. Yet, there is no
objection to moving them from one place to the other. If
they are killed, the kaffarah should, as a matter of ihtiyat,
be feeding the poor As for mosquitoes, gnats and the like,
it, as a matter of precaution, is better to avoid killing them,
so long as they do not harm the pilgrim. It is permissible,
though, to kill them to protect oneself, although one
should, as a matter of precaution, avoid doing so.
16. Self Beautification
Rule 254: As a matter of precaution, a pilgrim, in a state of
ihram, should avoid whatever is considered to be
beautification, whether or not he has the intention to
beautify himself, including applying henna in the usual
way.However, it is permissible to use that which is not
considered as beautification and is used for treatment, or
the like. It is also permissible to apply it before wearing
ihram, even though its effect continues while the pilgrim
is in a state of ihram.
Rule 255: It is permissible for a pilgrim, in a state of ihram
to wear a ring, not for beautification but as a mustahab
```