skills/sistani-guidance/references/books/jme/pages-037-048.md

# Jurisprudence Made Easy

PDF pages 37 to 48. Physical PDF numbering, not inferred printed labels.

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Previous block: [pages 25 to 36](pages-025-036.md).

Next block: [pages 49 to 60](pages-049-060.md).

## PDF PAGE 37

```text
37
2. Touching the Name of the Almighty, i.e. the Arabic
name, Allah [and other names and adjectives attributed to
Him, such as “al-Khaliq” - The Creator].
3. Recitation of the four verses of “as-Sajdah” in Chapters
“Iqr’a, an-Najm, as-Sajdah, and Fussilat” of the Holy
Qur’an.
4. Entering mosques and/or staying in them, taking
anything out or putting anything in them [albeit from the
outside or when passing by]. It is permissible, however, for
a person in a state of janabah to pass through, such as
entering from one door and making an exit from another,
except in the case of the Grand Mosque at Mekkah and
the Holy Mosque of the Prophet at Medina. [The same rule
applies in the case of the holy shrines of the Infallibles].
* Are the forecourts and corridors, when they are not
considered part of the well-defined area of the mosque,
covered by the same rule?
- No, they are not.
* Since we are on the subject of janabah, I still have a
burning desire to ask you a question, but I feel rather
embarrassed.
- Ask whatever you like. The maxim has it, “There shall be
no embarrassment in matters of religion”.
* Sometimes, when I am sexually aroused, I notice a rather
sticky, transparent and white liquid secreted from my
penis.
- Yes, this type of liquid is tahir. You are, therefore, not
required to perform ghusl or wudhu when you experience
it. There is another type of secretion that sometimes
follows urination. This too is tahir.
* What about masturbation?
- It is haraam. You must avoid it. It suffices to mention that,
```

## PDF PAGE 38

```text
38
in some narrations, Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq (a.s.) “An
acronym for Alaihis Salaam - meaning, may peace be with
him”, described it as a form of adultery.
```

## PDF PAGE 39

```text
39
Dialogue on Haydh
My father took his seat. I could notice a broad smile on his
face that led me to assume that he was bent on something
unusual.
- I’ll talk to you today on haydh.
Before today, I did not know what haydh is, although I
remember I hearing the word before. What had interested
me in the subject was that I hear women whisper about it,
with noticeable embarrassment, as if there was something
shameful in the word. However, I do not hide a secret if I
say that as soon as I was faced with a real situation of the
subject being discussed in the open, a kind of shaming
started to creep into me. I do not know why I was gripped
with embarrassment. I resigned to the fact that if haydh
was indeed so humbling a matter to talk about, how my
father is going to discuss it with me?
Yet, aren’t we discussing matters of Islamic law? Surely,
this topic should be within the remit of Islamic
jurisprudence. So, why should we feel embarrassed to talk
about it? Is it not mentioned in the Holy Qur’an? Didn’t
the Prophet (s.a.w.) and the Imams (a.s.) talk about it to
their companions. And after all, why should we feel a
sense of shaming to talk about a subject whose rules we
must know in order to follow?
My self-examination was short-lived as my father resumed
his talk.
- Haydh is a bleeding from a woman’s genitals. It occurs at
regular monthly intervals and whose colour is dark red.
When it leaves the body, women can feel its warmth.
* Is there a certain age group of women who experience
haydh?
- Although it varies from person to person, it can start at
the age of nine lunar calendar years till the age of sixty,
which is the climacteric.
```

## PDF PAGE 40

```text
41
* So, between 9 and 60 years?
- Yes, any blood that can be seen before the age of nine
and after the age of sixty does not fall under the definition
of menstral blood.
* How many days does the bleeding last?
- The minimum period is three days and the maximum ten.
* Suppose it lasted three days, then stopped?
- This cannot be considered period blood.
* What if it lasts more than ten days?
- This is not haydh blood.
* How should one treat the case of a woman whose
haydh ended, then she had ghusl only to see blood again,
say after nine days?
- The blood that the woman saw should not be treated as
haydh blood, because the period separating any two
periods should not be less than ten days.
* When does the woman consider herself as having a
period?
- When she starts bleeding at the time of her temporary
period, or before her regular period, say one or two days
earlier.
* How should a woman be described as having a
temporary period?
- She could be described as such when the period blood
appears twice in any period of two months or more.
* How do you describe a woman who does not fit the two
categories mentioned above, such as the young woman
who experiences period blood for the first time, or a
woman with an irregular period?
- A woman in any of the two examples you’ve just quoted
can describe herself as having a period when one of the
following two conditions arize:
1. For the blood to be termed as menstrual blood, it
should be red or black in colour, warm, and could pour out
```

## PDF PAGE 41

```text
41
profusely.
2. When the woman is sure the blood continues for three
uninterrupted days and over.
* Well, suppose she thought that it was period blood
according to point one. Accordingly, she stopped
performing prayer. However, the bleeding stopped before
the lapse of the three-day period. What should she do?
- She should perform prayer in lieu of the period of
bleeding.
* If the bleeding continues for ten days or less, but
exceeds the duration of her normal period?
- She can still be considered as having period throughout
the duration of the bleeding, albeit some of the blood can
no longer satisfy the conditions of period blood.
* What if the woman has regular periods, in both the
number of days and the date of the period, yet the
bleeding continues for more than ten days?
- She should observe the bleeding that coincides with the
duration of her period only as that of menstruation.
* Suppose the same woman failed to have her period on
time, then the blood appeared and continued for more
than ten days. However, some of the blood bore the
characteristics of period blood, some of it did not. Which
one should be treated as haydh?
- The first one. Yet she should take into account the
number of days of her previous normal period. If that part
of the blood that fulfils the conditions of period blood was
less than the number of days of a normal period, she
should complete it by adding the remaining days of that
part of the blood that did not satisfy the conditions of
period blood. If, however, the bleeding she was
experiencing satisfied the criteria of period blood, she
should stick to the number of days of her normal period
and consider it haydh.
```

## PDF PAGE 42

```text
42
* Should the bleeding continue for more than ten days in
the case of a woman who either experiences bleeding for
the first time or that whose period is irregular, how should
they differentiate the period blood from other kinds of
bleeding?
- All depends on the characteristics of the blood and the
duration. If some of it bears the qualities of period blood
and it continued for a period of three to ten days, should
be treated as haydh. The remaining type of blood should
be considered istihadha, which shall be the subject of a
forthcoming session.
* If the woman was in doubt as to whether her period has
ended, what should she do?
- She must check.
* In what way?
- She should insert a piece of cotton into her vagina and
leave it for a short while and retrieve it. If no traces of
blood could be seen, she must assume she is tahir, do
ghusl and resume acts of worship. Should the piece of
cotton, however, found to be soiled with blood, she must
maintain that she is still in haydh.
* When the woman knows she has haydh, what are the
things that are permissible for her to do and those that are
not?
- The rules regarding woman’s periods are:
1. No prayers should be perfomred, be they obligatory or
voluntary.
2. She is not required to perform any prayer instead of the
ones she missed while she had the period.
3. It is not permissible for her to fast.
4. She must fast instead of the days she missed while she
```

## PDF PAGE 43

```text
43
had the period during Ramadhan.
5. Tawaf during hajj, be it obligatory or voluntary is not in
order.
6. She cannot be declared divorced while still having her
period, except in certain situations.
7. It is haraam to have sexual intercourse with a woman
who is having a period. It is permissible, however, after
the bleeding had stopped. However, it is permissible
before performing ghusl [and after washing the vagina].
8. It is haraam for her to embark on any act of worship, in
the same way as certain acts are not permissible for a
person who is in a state of janabah. This, as you may
recall, was discussed in detail in the (Dialogue on
Janabah).
9. When her period is over, she should perform ghusl in
order to be able to perform prayer. This, I will explain to
you in the (Dialogue on Ghusl).
```

## PDF PAGE 44

```text
44
Dialogue on Nifas
I’ll talk to you today about nifas.
* What is nifas?
- It is a type of bleeding which occurs after childbirth.
* How long does this bleeding last?
- A maximum of ten days.
* Is there a minimum period for it?
- There is no lower limit for it.
* Does it vary from one woman to another?
- A woman in a state of nifas could fall in one of three
categories:
1. The first category is that of a woman whose bleeding
does not go beyond ten days.
* What is the ruling in her case?
- The entire period of bleeding is treated as nifas.
The second category is that of women, who have regular
monthly periods of a duration of, say, five days, and
whose bleeding goes beyond ten days.
* What is the ruling in their case?
- They must treat the duration of nifas as equal to that of a
monthly period, such as in the example I gave earlier on.
* What about the remaining days?
- They should be treated as istihadha.
The third category is that of women, with no regular
monthly periods and no specified number of days, whose
bleeding exceeds ten days.
* What is the ruling in their case?
- They must treat ten days only as the duration of nifas.
* Well, suppose a woman in a state of nifas has a fixed
monthly period, and the bleeding exceeded the specified
number of days she usually has her period for. She was
unsure whether the bleeding would stop before or after
the ten-day period. What should she do?
```

## PDF PAGE 45

```text
45
- She should abandon all acts of worship until after the
lapse of the ten-day period. If the bleeding stopped, she
has to treat the entire period as nifas. Should the bleeding
continue after the tenth day, she must perform ghusl and
uphold the rules applicable to a woman in a state of
istihadha.
* What about the intervening period between the end of
her monthly period and the duration that completes the
ten days during which she abandoned the acts of
worship?
- She must treat it as istihadha and perform those acts of
worship, she missed, in lieu.
* If the bleeding was intermittent during the ten-day
period, how should it be treated?
- The first bleeding and the second one are considered
nifas.
* How do you, though, describe the intervening tahir
period?
- [She should combine those acts of worship a tahir
woman should perform and those she should abandon
during nifas].
* If the total period of bleeding does not exceed ten days,
but the bleeding is of an intermittent nature, how should
the woman go about it?
- All the days that she had the blood should be treated as
nifas. As for the intervening periods, when she had no
blood, [she should combine the acts of worship as if she
were tahir and refrain from those acts as if she were in a
state of nifas].
* What is the ruling in the case of a woman who
completed the ten-day period, only to start bleeding
again?
- Any type of blood that appears after the ten-day period,
be it that which satisfies the criteria of haydh or otherwise
and whether it coincided with her monthly period, should
```

## PDF PAGE 46

```text
46
be treated as istihadha.
* What are the rules that should be upheld in the case of a
woman in a state of nifas?
- All that which a woman in a state of haydh can or cannot
do is applicable to a woman in a state of nifas. There is no
difference whether the acts of worship were obligatory or
voluntary, makrouh or haraam [even non-permissibility of
reciting the Ayas of Sajdah of Chapters of Azaa’im (The
four verses, of Iqra’, an-Najm, as-Sajdah, and Fussilat, in
the Holy Qur’an, as it is obligatory to perform prostration
when they are read or heard), admission to The Holy
Mosques in Mekkah and Medina - albeit by way of passing
through them, entering and staying in other mosques and
leaving anything inside. You may refer to the Dialogue on
Haydh.
```

## PDF PAGE 47

```text
47
Dialogue on Istihadha
My father took his seat. He gave the title of istihadha to
today’s session. No sooner had he finished uttering the
word, it dawned on me that the word has a ring about it
that reminded me of haydh. Thus, I concluded they might
be related and that the subject could concern women.
That is, a kind of bleeding is involved.
I asked my father:
* Is istihadah confined to women?
- Yes, but..
* But what?
- Yes, it is, provided that the bleeding is not that of haydh,
nifas, wounds, ulcerations, and that resulting from ripping
the virginal membrane.
* There are quite a number of different types of bleedings.
- Some of them indicate woman’s fertility and youth. Don’t
you notice that when a woman reaches menopause, she
cannot bear children.
* Since the nature of the blood of nifas, wounds and
pimples is known, how could the woman differentiate
between the blood of istihadha and haydh?
- Do you remember the characteristics of haydh blood?
* Yes, I do. It is red or blackish in colour and warm.
- It is often the case that istihadha blood differs from that
of haydh. It is yellowish in colour, thin in property, and
seeps out without a sting or burning.
* How could a woman identify that istihadha blood is not
that resulting from bursting open the virginal membrane,
especially at the time of her wedding?
- The blood resulting from puncturing the virginal
membrane is little, in that if the woman places a piece of
cotton inside, the blood will form a circle round the
cotton. The blood of istihidha, on the other hand, could
soak the piece of cotton, and sometimes exceeds it.
```

## PDF PAGE 48

```text
48
That said, istihadha is of three types: A major one that I
have just talked about, a medium one in which the piece
of cotton could be soaked, but not more, and a minor one
where the blood may soil the piece of cotton, but not to
the saturation point, because it is little.
* What is the ruling on each one of these types of
istihadha?
- For a major istihadha, the woman must perform three
ghusl. One for Subh (Dawn prayer), one for Dhuhr (Noon
or lunch-time prayer) and Asr (Afternoon prayer), if
performed concurrently, and one for Maghrib (Sunset
prayer) and Isha (Evening prayer), if she decides to
perform them consecutively.
* And If she was to perform each one of them separately?
- She must do ghusl for each prayer.
* Is this a universal rule?
- Well, this is the ruling, if the bleeding was continuous. If,
however, it was intermittent, so much so that she could
perform ghusl and say one or more prayers before the
bleeding resumes, [she must renew ghusl after bleeding
recurs. If, for example, she had a ghusl for Dhuhr prayer
and bleeding resumed before or during Asr prayer, she
must have another ghusl for it]. However, if the interval
between any two appearances of blood was long enough
to perform two or more prayers, it is permissible without
the need for a new ghusl.
This applies to major istihadha. In a medium istihadha, she
must do wudhu for each prayer [and ghusl once a day
before the first wudhu].
* Could you give me an example?
- Before Subh prayer, a woman discovered that she had
istihadha. Upon checking, she ascertained that it was a
medium one, she must [do ghusl] and perform wudhu for
Subh. The ghusl that she carried out should suffice for the
whole of that day, provided she does wudhu for every
```